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0.5rem;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;}.bbc-89wdkq{padding:0.75rem 0;border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;}.bbc-89wdkq:last-child{padding-bottom:0.25rem;border:0;}.bbc-1725uln{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:#141414;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:0.75rem 0;display:inline-block;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1725uln{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1725uln{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.bbc-1725uln:hover,.bbc-1725uln:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#B80000;}.bbc-rgpi3z{position:absolute;width:calc(100vw - 0.8rem);inset-inline-start:0;}@media (min-width: 1041px){.bbc-rgpi3z{width:calc(100vw + 0.8rem);inset-inline-start:calc(-1 * (100vw - 1014px) / 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(min-width: 25rem){@media (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1pg0aej{margin:0 1rem;padding-bottom:2rem;}}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-1pg0aej{margin:0 1rem;padding-bottom:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-1pg0aej{margin:0 auto;padding:0 1rem 1.5rem;max-width:80rem;}}.bbc-1rpw6bb{position:relative;z-index:0;color:#141414;margin-top:2rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1rpw6bb{margin-top:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1rpw6bb{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-1rpw6bb{margin-bottom:1rem;}}.bbc-stivil{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-template-rows:repeat(10, auto);}@s (display: grid){.bbc-stivil{display:grid;position:initial;width:initial;margin:0;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;grid-column-gap:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(8, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 8;grid-column-gap:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-columns:repeat(20, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 20;grid-column-gap:1rem;}}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-auto-flow:row;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-stivil{grid-template-rows:repeat(5, auto);}}.bbc-jsrhcr{position:relative;padding-bottom:1.5rem;}@media (max-width: 14.9375rem){.bbc-jsrhcr{width:calc(100%);display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;}}@media (min-width: 15rem) 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a{padding:0;}.bbc-w6hk32{font-family:"BBC Reith Qalam","Times New Roman",Arial,Verdana,Geneva,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#FFFFFF;padding:0.75rem 0 0.75rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline;}.bbc-w6hk32:hover,.bbc-w6hk32:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,button[type='submit']:focus-visible,button[type='button']:focus-visible,h3:focus-visible{outline:0.1875rem solid #000000;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.1875rem #FFFFFF;outline-offset:0.1875rem;}a.focusIndicatorRemove:focus-visible,button.focusIndicatorRemove:focus-visible{outline:none;box-shadow:none;outline-offset:0;}a.focusIndicatorDisplayBlock:focus-visible{display:block;}a.focusIndicatorDisplayInlineBlock:focus-visible{display:inline-block;width:100%;}a.focusIndicatorDisplayTableCell:focus-visible{display:table-cell;}a.focusIndicatorReducedWidth:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem solid #000000;box-shadow:0 0 0 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دې لپاره چې انټرنېټ مو لږ مصرف شي، یوازې متن ولولئ
د امریکا د تېلو بندیزونو روسیه او ایران څومره تر فشار لاندې راوستي؟ امریکا پر روسیې او ایران دواړو بندیزونه پراخ او د دغو هېوادونو تر ټولو ګټور صادرات - یعنی تېل یې هدف ګرځولي دي.
په دغو بندیزونو کې د ایران او روسیې د "سیوري بېړیو" ټانکرونه په نښه شوي چې د څرک لګول یې ګران دي او دغو هېوادونو په غیر قانوني ډول د تېلو لېږدولو لپاره کارولي دي.
چین د روسیې او ایران د تېلو ستر پېرودونکی دی او د امریکا دا بندیزونه یې دغه هېواد ته د تېلو صادرات کموي.
دغه ګام په وروستیو اونیو کې د نړۍ په نورو برخو کې هم د تېلو کمښت رامنځته کړی او د تېلو بیې ورسره لوړې شوې دي.
د ټرمپ اداره ښايي د روسیې او ایران د تېلو پر صنعت نور نوي او سخت بندیزونه هم ولګوي، چې دا ګام د تېلو بیې نورې هم لوړولی شي.
روسیه او ایران څومره تېل صادروي او څوک یې پېري؟ روسیه د خپلو تېلو د صادراتو اړوند مالومات پټ ساتي، خو د انرژۍ نړیواله اداره اټکل کوي چې دغه هېواد دمګړۍ په ورځني ډول ۷.۳۳ میلیون بېرله تېل بهر کې پلوري.
د انرژۍ او پاکې هوا د څېړنې مرکز په وینا روسیه چین ته د تېلو تر ټولو مخکښ عرضه کونکی هېواد دی. هند هم د خپلو تېلو د ټولو وارداتو دریېمه برخه له دغه هېواده پېري.
امریکا او بریتانیا دواړو د ۲۰۲۲ کال مارچ کې له روسیې د تېلو واردات بند کړل.
روسیه د تېلو له صادراتو د کال شاوخوا ۱۹۰ میلیارد ډالر عاید ترلاسه کوي، چې د جګړې د تدابیرو په تمویل کې ورسره مرسته کوي.
د نړۍ د اوو سترو او پرمختللي اقتصاد لرونکو هېوادونو ډلې 'جي-۷' د روسیې د اومو تېلو د یوه بېرل بیه حد اکثر ۶۰ ډالره ټاکلې ده.
د جي۷ غړي هېوادونه په انفرادي ډول دغه سقف او حد په خپلو قضایي حوزو کې د بار وړونکو شرکتونو او د کښتیو د بیمې کمپنیو له لارې وضع کوي.
خو له ارګوس میډیا چې د انرژۍ او توکو اړوند د مالوماتو شرکت دی، یو استازی یې نیل فلېمینګ وايي: "د بیې محدودیت بېاغېزې دی. د تېر کال اوږده موده، د یورال په څېر د روسیې اومه تېل بهر کې یو بېرل له ۶۰ ډالرو او ځینې وختونه ان له ۷۵ ډالرو لوړ پلورل کېدل."
د ایران په اړه هم ویل کېږي چې په ورځني ډول شاوخوا یو اعشاریه ۷ میلیونه بېرله تېل صادروي چې شاوخوا یو اعشاریه ۲ یا یو اعشاریه ۳ میلیون بېرله یې یوازې چین ته ځي. (ایران هم د خپلو صادراتو اړوند مالومات پټ ساتي).
د ځینو رپوټونو له مخې دغه هېواد همدا راز په ورځ کې شاوخوا ۴۰۰ زره بېرله تېل هند ته صادروي.
د امریکا حکومت له ۲۰۱۲ کال راهیسې له ایرانه د تېلو واردات بند کړي او هغه بهرني شرکتونه یې هم امریکا سره له راکړې ورکړې منع کړي، چې د ایران د تېلو په صادراتو کې څه نقش لري.
امریکا غواړي چې په دې توګه ایران اټومي وسلو ته له لاسرسي او د بالستیک توغندیو له پراختیا راوګرځوي او همدا راز یې د حماس، حزبالله او حوثيانو په څېر د وسله والو ډلو ملاتړ لپاره له بودیجې بېبرخې کړي.
ډونلډ ټرمپ په ۲۰۱۹ او ۲۰۲۰ کلونو کې د امریکا د ولسمشر په توګه د خپلې لومړۍ دورې پر مهال دا بندیزونه سخت کړل.
خو ایران بیا هم پر دې بریالی شوی چې چین ته ډېر تېل صادر کړي. دا کار تر یوه ځایه ځکه ممکن شوی چې ډېر تېل ترې د کوچنیو چاڼخونو لخوا اخیستل کیږي، چې د "چاینکو" په نوم پېژندل کېږي.
فلېمینګ وايي: "دا [چاڼخونې] له امریکا سره هېڅ راکړه ورکړه نه لري نو دا خطر هم کم دی چې د بندیز له اقدام سره دې مخ شي.
د روسیې او ایران پر تېلو وروستیو کې کوم بندیزونه لګول شوي؟ د روسیې او ایران دواړو د تېلو صادرونکي له بندیزونو د ځان ژغورنې لپاره هڅه کړې چې د اومه تېلو بار د (روسیې په قضیه کې) د "سیوري بېړیو" او د (ایران په قضیه کې) د "تیاره بېړیو" په ټانکرونو کې ولېږدوي.
د "سیوري بېړۍ" ټانکرونه په هغو هېوادونو کې ثبت شوي چې د کښتیو د مالکیت په تړاو د توضیحاتو پټ پاتې کېدو ته اجازه ورکوي. دغه کار امریکا ته دا ستونزمنوي چې د دغو ټانکرونو مالکانو ته له بندیزونو د سرغړونو له کبله سزا ورکړي.
"تیاره بېړۍ" بیا هغو ټانکرونو ته ویل کېږي، چې په سمندر کې خپل ټرانسپونډرونه یا ارتباطي وسیلې د دې لپاره بندوي چې خپل سفرونه پټ وساتي.
امریکا د ۲۰۲۵ کال جنورۍ کې د جو بایډن ادارې په وروستیو ورځو کې د روسیې او ایران له تېل لېږدونکو بېړیو پر ۱۸۳ ټانکرونو او د روسیې د تېلو په دوو شرکتونو - ګازپروم نېفت او سورګوتنیفتېګاس، بندیزونه ولګول.
متحدو ایالتونو د ۲۰۲۴ کال اکتوبر کې پر اسرائیلو د توغندیو برید په ځواب کې د ایران د تېلو پر لېږدونکو ټانکرونو هم بندیزونه اعلان کړل او د همدغه کال په ډسمبر کې یې یو ځل بیا د روسیې او ایران دواړو د تېلو پر لېږدونکو ټانکرونو بندیزونه ولګول.
د کپلېر په نوم له مالوماتي شرکته یوه استازی همایون فلکشاهي وايي، امریکا پر ۲۳ سلنه کښتیو چې د ایران تېل یې لېږدولي او پر ۹ سنله هغو کښتیو چې د روسیې تېل یې لېږدولي، بندیزونه لګولي دي.
دی وایي: "موږ له روسیې او ایرانه چین ته د صادرېدونکو تېلو په اندازه کې له شاوخوا ۲۰ تر ۲۵ سلنې پورې کمښت وینو." د نوموړي په وینا داسې ټانکرونه هم شته چې د تېلو تر ۲۰ میلیونو بېرله لیږدوي، خو د چین په اوبو کې انتظار کاږي او بار نشي کښته کولی.
"دا ځکه چې د ایران د تېلو اصلي ترمینل، شانډونګ بندر داسې هېڅ ټانکر نه مني چې د بندیزونو په نوملړ کې شامل وي. "
هندي چاڼخونو هم ویلي چې دوی به له روسیې د امریکا لخوا د تحریم شویو تېلو ترلاسه کول ودروي.
فلکشاهي وايي په تېرو څو میاشتو کې د تېلو بیې د لوړیدو یو عمده لامل د بندیزونو خبرونه دي.
جنورۍ کې د روسیې د تېلو پر صادراتو د بندیزونو د لګول کېدو خبرونه د دې لامل شول چې د برېنټ اومه تېلو د یوه بېرل بیه له ۸۰ ډالرو واوړي. دا تر هغې ور مخکې په ۵ میاشتو کې د اومه تېلو تر ټولو لوړه بیه وه خو وروسته بېرته له ۸۰ ډالرو راکښته شوه.
فلکشاهي زیاتوي: "د روسیې او ایران د تېلو صادرونکي به د دې لپاره نورو بېړیو ته د خپلو خامو تېلو د لېږولو په څېر څه لاره چاره ګوري.
نوموړی وایي، "دوی به په دوامداره توګه د امریکا د تعرفو له اړخه اغیزمن نشي، تر هغې چې په راتلونکې کې نورې پرې نه وي لګول شوي."
ایا په راتلونکې کې د سختو بندیزونو تمه کېدای شي؟ له روېل یونایټډ سروسز انسټیټیوټ (روسي) څخه چې یو فکري بنسټ دی، ډاکتر بورکو اوزسیلیک وايي، دا چې ټرمپ په خپله لومړۍ دوره کې هم د ایران د تېلو سکتور تر "اعظمي فشار" لاندې نیولې و، نو احتمال شته چې بیا د دغه هېواد د تېلو د سکتور خلاف بندیزونه وکاروي.
د نوموړي په وینا د تېلو غیر قانوني جریان "هم سپاه پاسداران ته ګټه رسوي او هم د نیابتي ترهګرو او شریکانو د تمویل وړتیا وربخښي".
د بایډن ادارې د یمن کویت د سوداګرۍ او پانګونې پر بانک د دې لپاره بندیز ولګاوه چې حزبالله او نورو ډلو ته د پیسو لېږدول کېدو لپاره د کارېدو تور سره مخ و.
اوزسیلیک وايي، د ټرمپ سپینه ماڼۍ ښايي عراق کې پر هغو بانکونو د بندیزونو لګولو په اړه فکر وکړي چې د ایران لپاره ورته کار کوي.
ټرمپ په ۲۰۱۹ او ۲۰۲۰ کلونو کې پر ایران بندیزونه ولګول چې د دغه هېواد د تېلو صادرات یې په ورځ کې یوازې ۵۰۰ زره بېرلو ته راټیټ کړل.
اټکل کېږي چې نوموړی به د روسیې د تېلو عاید د راکمولو هڅو په لړ کې پر دغه هېواد هم بندیزونه ډېر کړي.
له روېل یونایټډ سروسز انسټیټیوټ څخه ټام کېټینج وایي د ځواکمنو اقداماتو تمه کېدای شي.
"تمه لرو چې ټرمپ به هېوادونو ته ووایي چې: که تاسو له روسیې د تېلو پېرلو ته دوام ورکړئ، نو موږ به ستاسو پر سوداګریزو توکو تعرفې ولګوو. دی ممکن هغوی وهڅوي چې د دې پر ځای د امریکا په ګډون له نورو هېوادونو تېل واخلي. "
له روسیې او ایرانه د تېلو د صادراتو کمښت ښايي ۲۰۲۵م کال په نړیوال بازار کې کمښت رامنځته او نرخونه نور هم لوړ کړي.
د انرژۍ انسټیټیوټ فکري بنسټ یوه غړې کېټ دوریان وايي: "یوازې په سعودي عربستان کې ښايي په ورځنۍ کچه د درې میلیونه بیرلو اضافي ظرفیت موجود وي چې بازار ته راوړل کېدای شي.
دا په نوره نړۍ کې هم د ورځې شپږ میلیون بېرله تېلو د تولید اضافي ظرفیت ویني.
خو نوموړې زیاتوي، د ټرمپ لپاره به ننګونه دا وي چې د تېلو تولېدونکي وهڅوي چې لوی مقدار اضافي تېل بازار ته راوباسي، په ساده ډول بیه یې راټیټه کړي.
کېټ دوریان وايي: "تولیدونکي پر نور تولید د پانګونې هڅونې لپاره دې ته اړتیا لري، چې د تېلو بیې لوړې وي. "
ورته مطالب ۲۴ سلواغه ۱۴۰۳ - ۱۲ فبروري ۲۰۲۵ ۲۱ سلواغه ۱۴۰۳ - ۹ فبروري ۲۰۲۵ ۲۰ وږی ۱۴۰۳ - ۱۰ سپتمبر ۲۰۲۴
ځانګړي مطالب ۷ کب ۱۴۰۳ - ۲۵ فبروري ۲۰۲۵ ۳۰ سلواغه ۱۴۰۳ - ۱۸ فبروري ۲۰۲۵