Afurika yibasiwe ite n'umusoro mushya wa Trump? Ku Rwanda n'u Burundi bite?

Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Donald Trump yatangaje inyongera y'umusoro rusange wa 10% ku bicuruzwa by'ibihugu byose by'isi byinjira muri Amerika, gusa ibihugu bimwe uwo musoro urenze icyo gipimo, harimo 16 bya Afurika.

Donald Trump yavuze ko ubusanzwe hari ijanisha ry'umusoro ibindi bihugu bica ibicuruzwa bivuye muri Amerika, maze ati: "Ubucuruzi bwari busanzwe bubogamye, ubu bazajya badusoresha natwe tubasoreshe".

Nubwo Ubushinwa – bwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isoko rya Amerika - ari cyo gihugu kiri buzongwe cyane n'uyu musoro wa Amerika kuko yabushyiriyeho 34%, Lesotho ni cyo gihugu yashyizeho umusoro munini - 50% - kurusha hafi ya byose muri iri tegeko rishya.

Gusa Lesotho na yo isanzwe isoresha 99% ku bicuruzwa biva muri Amerika nk'uko bivugwa n'ibiro bya perezida wa Amerika, White House.

Ibihugu nka Botswana, Angola, Libya, Afurika y'Epfo na Algeria, Donald Trump yashyizeho umusoro uri hagati ya 37 na 30% ku bicuruzwa byabo bijya muri Amerika.

Mugihe ku bindi bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, birimo n'u Burundi n'u Rwanda yashyizeho umusoro wa 10%.

Trump yavuze ko iri tegeko rishya rigomba gutangira gukurikizwa kuva tariki 05 z'uku kwezi kwa Mata uyu mwaka.

Ken Rogoff, wahoze ari we mushoramari ukomeye mu kigega cy'imari ku isi (IMF/FMI) yabwiye BBC ko iki cyemezo cya Trump ari "igisasu cya nikleyeri ku bucuruzi bw'isi" ko ingaruka zacyo ku bicuruzwa by'ibindi bihugu byinjira muri Amerika "zirenze ukwemera".

Byitezwe ko ibihugu bitandukanye nk'Ubushinwa, yashyiriyeho 34% yiyongera kuri 20% isanzweho bityo yose ikaba 54% ku bicuruzwa byabwo, hamwe n'ibihugu bigize Ubumwe bw'Uburayi yashyiriyeho 20%, na byo bishobora kuzamura imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva muri Amerika.

Abategetsi batandukanye ku isi bamaganye iyi misoro yatangajwe na Trump bavuga ko ishobora gutuma intambara y'ubucuruzi irushaho gukomera.

Bivuze iki ku Burundi n'u Rwanda?

Imisoro mishya yatangajwe na Trump irareba ibicuruzwa by'ibihugu bya Afurika bisanzwe biri mu masezerano azwi nka African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), yemerera ibyo bihugu kohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye muri Amerika bigasonerwa imisoro.

Inzobere mu bukungu ubu ziribaza ahazaza ha AGOA nyuma y'iki cyemezo cy'ubutegetsi bwa Trump gisa n'ikivanaho ibigize AGOA.

Ibihugu bigera kuri 31 bya Afurika - mu karere u Rwanda, u Burundi na Uganda, ntibirimo - bisanzwe biri mu masezerano ya AGOA.

Amerika yavanye u Burundi muri AGOA mu 2015 ibushinja guhohotera uburenganzira bwa muntu mu mvururu zo mu 2015.

Amerika yavanye kandi u Rwanda muri AGOA mu 2018 kuko rwazamuye imisoro ku myenda yambawe yinjira mu gihugu izwi nka 'Caguwa', irimo myinshi iva muri Amerika.

Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bisanzwe biva mu Rwanda no mu Burundi bijya ku isoko rya Amerika, kimwe n'ibiva muri Amerika biza ku isoko ry'u Rwanda bisoreshwa ku rugero runaka.

Imibare ya leta ya Amerika yerekana ko mu 2024 u Rwanda rwohereje ibicuruzwa by'agaciro ka miliyoni 30$ ku isoko rya Amerika bivuye kuri miliyoni 7.5$ mu 2023.

Ibyo bicuruzwa by'u Rwanda ahanini ni ikawa, amabuye y'agaciro arimo niobium, tantalum na tin, ibicuruzwa bikoze mu mboga, hamwe n'uduseke.

Mu 2024, u Burundi bwohereje ku isoko rya Amerika ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 3.7$ avuye kuri miliyoni 2.6$ mu 2023, nk'uko bivugwa na minisiteri y'ubucuruzi ya Amerika.

Imisoro mishya yatangajwe na Trump isobanuye ko ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Rwanda no mu Burundi bijya muri Amerika - bisanzwe byishyura umusoro runaka – ubu haziyongeraho 10%.

Mu Rwanda no mu Burundi abategetsi ntacyo baravuga kuri iyi misoro mishya ya Trump.

Kuri Afurika y'Epfo, Trump yayishyiriyeho umusoro wa 30%, Vincent Magwenya umuvugizi wa Perezida Ramaphosa yavuze ko iyi misoro "ihana" Amerika yafashe yonyine, iteye "impungenge" kandi ari "inzitizi ku bucuruzi n'uburumbuke busangiwe."

Umusoro wa 25% ku modoka zose zo hanze

Yifashishije imbonerahamwe, Donald Trump yagiye agaragaza ijanisha ry'imisoro ibicuruzwa bya Amerika bicibwa mu bindi bihugu yerekana ko iri hejuru.

Trump yavuze ko muri ibi byemezo yashyizeho yabaye "umunyampuhwe", kandi ko iyi misoro izongera "guhindura Amerika igihugu gikize nanone".

Uretse imisoro ku bicuruzwa, Trump kandi yashyizeho umusoro wihariye wa 25% ku modoka zose zikorerwa mu mahanga zijya ku isoko rya Amerika.

Trump yagize ati: "Ford igurisha [imodoka] nke cyane" mu bindi bihugu, ko uburyo ibindi bihugu bigurisha imodoka nyinshi muri Amerika "byazahaje" inganda za Amerika.

Yagize ati: "Ni yo mpamvu guhera muri iri joro dushyizeho umusoro wa 25% ku modoka zose ziva hanze".

Kuki Uburusiya butari ku rutonde rwa Trump?

Mu buryo bwagaragariye benshi, Uburusiya ntabwo buri ku rutonde rw'ibihugu Trump yashyiriyeho umusoro w'ibicuruzwa.

Karoline Leavitt ushinzwe itangazamakuru muri White House yasubiwemo n'ibinyamakuru byo muri Amerika avuga ko Uburusiya butari kuri urwo rutonde kuko busanzwe buri mu bihano bya Amerika, "bisanzwe byarashegeshe ubucuruzi" hagati y'ibi bihugu.

Karoline yongeraho ko Uburusiya bushobora no gufatirwa "ibindi bihano biruseho".

Ubucuruzi hagati ya Amerika n'Uburusiya bwavuye kuri miliyari 35$ mu 2021 buragwa bugera kuri miliyari hafi 3.5$ mu 2024 kubera ibihano bya Amerika kuko Uburusiya bwateye Ukraine.

Gusa nubwo Uburusiya butari kuri uru rutonde rw'ibihugu Trump yashyiriyeho imisoro, ndetse bukaba buri mu bihano, buracyakorana na Amerika ubucuruzi bunini kurusha ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika yashyiriyeho imisoro ya 10%, n'iri hejuru nka Mauritius yashyiriyeho 40%.