Igiti ngirakamaro ca shea kirageramiwe muri Uganda

Mu buraruko bwa Uganda, ahamera ibiti vya shea, Mustafa Gerima agenda mu mihana ahimiriza abantu gukingira ico giti abona nk'ubutunzi buriko burayoyoka.

Mustafa afatwa nk'icitegererezo co kurwanya ihona ry'igiti ca Shea, ihona ryaje buhoro buhoro ariko riziyeko.

Bamutaziriye Bwana Shea kubera utwigori agira mu kubungabunga ico giti gifise akamaro mu butunzi no mu mico.

Kuri uyu yahoze ari umwigisha w'ibidukikije n'ibinyabuzima- biology, ubu yahindukiriye guharanira ibidukikije - izi ngendo ziwe ni umurimo mwitumo.

Mu myaka iheze, Mustafa yavuye muri Uganda aja gukorera muri Tanzania. Agarutse yasanze ahahora ari ishamba rikingiye rya Mount Kei Central Forest, ryahora ritotahaye harimwo ibiti vy'ivyimeza vya shea, hasigaye ari nk'ubwambure burimwo ibishitsi aha na hariya.

Mustafa agira ati: "Kubona abantu bicira iki giti bintera umubabaro mu mutima.

"Mu kibano cacu abantu barakenye, rero babona iki giti nk'amaramuko, bakuramwo uburyo bitabagoye".

Ukwo guhonya ishamba yabona hirya no hino nikwo kwamuteye kwijukira gukangurira abanyagihugu kumenya akamaro k'igiti ca Shea.

Kimwe mu bikorwa vyo muri iryo sekeza ryiwe kirimwo kumara iminsi 19 agenda ibirometero 644 kuva Kampala gushika ku cicaro gikuru c'ishami ry'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije -United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) i Nairobi muri Kenya.

'Inzahabu yirabura'

Ihinduka ry'igiti ca shea kuva kwitwa 'izahabu y'abagore' kikitwa 'izahabu yirabura', rigaragaza ikibazo cagutse c'ubutunzi muri Uganda.

Muri kahise, abagore bahora baja kwamura ivyamwa vy'imibo ya shea, bagakuramwo amavuta ya Nilotica shea butter, akundwa cane hirya no hino kw'isi, haba mu kwisiga canke guteka. Ubu buryo bwo kuvyaza umusaruro igiti ca Shea kitarinze guhonywa, bigatanga amikoro ndetse bikaba bifise n'imizi mu mico y'abahaba.

Ariko muri kino gihe, abarimyi bafise ikibazo c'umwimbu muke n'uruzuba biturutse kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.

Mustafa agira ati: "Mu myaka 30 ishize, igiti ca Shea cari gifise igihe cerera. Cashurika muri Kigarama, kikaza gushika muri Ntwarante(3) kigeze kwamura. Ariko ubu kubera ihindagurika ry'ibihe hari n'uruzuba rumara igihe kire kire. Niyo mpamvu bigira ingaruka ku mwimbu w'igiti ca shea."

Kubera izo mvo, abenshi mu barimyi bariko bahindukirira igiti kugira babone irindi soko ry'amaronko -amakara. Bavuga ko amakara ava mu giti cakundwa cane kuko yaka neza ugereranije n'ayandi makara.

Porofeseri John Bosco Okullo, umuhinga kizigenza mu bijanye n'uburimyi bufatiye ku mashamba ava muri kaminuza ya Makerere, amaze imyaka 20 yiga igiti ca shea.

Uruhara rwiwe mu kwiga ibiti ruhera mu 1999, igihe yaja mu mugambi w'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya afise intumbero yo kubungabunga no gukoresha ico giti.

Agira ati: "Mu myaka ya 1990s, abanyagihugu bakoresha ibiti vya shea bakabikingira nk'ivyabo.

"Ariko inyuma yo kuhahura amasho y'ibitungwa hamwe n'ingwano ya Lord's Resistance Army yatumye abantu bata ingo zabo, ico kintu co kwumva ko igiti ari icabo caratakaye. Igihe abantu bamariye gusubira mu zabo, baciye bacikorako mu gukuramwo amaronko yihuta nk'amakara".

Porofeseri Okullo avuga ko ihindagurika ry'ibihe ryatumye ibintu biyangara.

"Umwimbu waragabanutse. Ibiti ntibigishurika, ntibicama nk'uko vyahora. Ihindagurika ry'urugero rw'imvura ryatumye igihe ico giti cerera gihinduka."

"Igiti ca Shea kirageramiwe kandi no kwaguka kw'igisagara.

Okullo Avuga ati: "Vyinshi muri ibi bice vyarangwamwo ibiti vya shea butter ubu hari uturere dushasha, ibitaro bishasha, n'amashure.

"Usanga baguma bicira ibiti kugira ngo bagure ibikorwa vy'iterambere. Dukeneye kubitera. Nayo turindiriye ko binaguka ubwavyo, bizogorana.

Kubungabunga ibidukikije

Uganda iriko itakaza uburinganire (ubusitani) bwa hegitari zigereranywa mu 100,000 bw'amashamba buri mwaka, kandi igice kinini cayo kigizwe n'ibiti vya shea.

Mu gihe cigeze kuba ku buringanire bunini kuva mu burengero gushika mu buko bwa Afrika, ico bise "shea belt", mu turere tumwe tumwe igiti ca shea caragabanutse kuva ku bice 43% gushika kuri 13%.

Uku guhona kwagize ingaruka ku bantu nka Mariam Chandiru, yahora yimbura shea mu karere ka Koboko.

Agira ati: "Twahora turonka amafaranga meza, tugashira abana mw'ishure, tugafasha n'imiryango yacu. Ariko ubu urudandazwa rwacu ruriko ruramanuka, ni ugusubira inyuma cane.

"Nahora ngurisha ijerikane zitanu z'amavuta ya shea buri ndwi, ubu nsigaye ndonka ayuzuye zibiri gusa iyo vyarenze."

N'ubwo ibintu bitifashe neza, hari akigoro ko kubandanya guhimiriza abantu kwijukira kubungabunga ivyo biti.

Porofeseri Okullo avuga ati:"Muri kino ihe hari amashirahamwe menshi yigenga ahimiriza abantu.

"Abantu bariko baratera ibiti bishasha bagakingira n'ibisanzwe biriko biranaga ku bishitsi. Hari mbere n'abakoresha ubuhinga mu kugabanya igihe bimara bitarama. Ubwa kera vyahora bifata imyaka iri hagati ya 15 na 20 bitaratangura kwama ariko ubu bisigaye vyama kare".

Mu nzira yo guhaza isoko ry'amavuta no kugira umwimbu uhoraho, uyu mwigisha wa kaminuza na bagenzi biwe bikora ku buhinga bwa none.

"Twishize mu mugwi na bagenzi bacu bari mu gisata c'ubuhinga nyabwonko n'ubuhinga bwa physics bakoresha ubwenge butari karemano [artificial intelligence AI/IA]. Kubw'ivyo dushobora kubona ahari ibiti bikuze tugacapa n'ikarata iherekana, gutyo tugashobora guteganya igihe umwimbu uzoshobora kubonekera".

Leta ya Uganda yemeye kandi ko igiti ca shea kiri ku mushiro kuva mu 2023, ibuza kugicamwo amakara. Ariko n'ubu, gushira mu ngiro iyo ngingo biracagoye.

Okullo agira ati: "Hari hashizweho itegeko ry'umukuru w'igihugu ribuza gutema ibiti vya shea, ariko ryakomeje kugorana gushira mu ngiro.

"Amakara araronderwa cane, cane cane mu bisagara. Abaca ibiti sibo bakoresha ayo makara. Dukeneye gushiraho ubundi buryo bw'amasoko ntanganguvu mu bisagara kugirango abacana amakara bagabanuke.

Naho muri Koboko, Mustafa Gerima arabandanya ingendo ziwe ndende ahimiriza abantu, avugisha abakuru b'uturere, afasha no gutunganya ibikorwa vyo gutera ingemwe z'ibiti.

Avuga ati: "Ibi ntibikwiye kuba igikorwa c'umuntu umwe, ariko gikwiye gutuma hegeranywa inguvu, no guhuza abacitayeho".

Intambwe yiwe ikurikira, irimwo gutanguza igikorwa ku nzego zo hasi, co gukwirikirana ico giti bafashanije n'amashure mu nzira yo kubungabuga ibidukikije mu vyigwa vyabo. Avuga ko umuhamagaro wiwe atari gusa kubungabunga ico giti, ahubwo ari gukingira inzira y'imibereho.

Agira ati: "Turakwiye kuzirikana urunganwe ruzokurikira mu bihe bizoza. Ni baza bahasanga ibishitsi gusa, bazotwiyumvirako iki");