Andrée Blouin: Ubuzima bw'intwari y'ubwigenge bwa Afrika ariko itavugwa cane

''Ndazi ko umuntu ashobora gupfa kabiri. Ubwa mbere urupfu rw'umubiri...kwibagirwa navyo ni urupfu rugira kabiri,'' niko umwanditsi wa sinema Eve Blouin avuga, mu gusozera igitabo c'ubuzima bwa nyina wiwe.

Ivyo Eve aravyumva kurusha benshi.

Mu myaka ya 1950 na 60, nyina wiwe, umuhisi Andrée Blouin, yarishoye mu rugamba rwo guharanira ko Afrika yidegemvya, arahimiriza abagore bo muri Repuburika ya Demokarasi ya Congo kurwanya ubukoroni, araduga gushika aho aba umujenama mukuru wa Patrice Lumumba, yabaye uwa mbere mu kuba umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Congo, akaba n'intwari y'intahe yo kwikukira yubahwa cane y'ico gihugu.

Yarahanahanye ivyiyumviro na bamwe mu bazwi cane mu baharanira impinduka muri Afrika nka Kwame Nkrumah wo muri Ghana, Sékou Touré wo muri Guinée na Ahmed Ben Bella wo muri Algeria.

Mu kugerageza gukosora ako karenganyo, igitabo c'ubuzima bwa Blouin, ciswe My Country, Africa: Autobiography of the Black Pasionaria, congeye gusubira gusohorwa, inyuma y'imyaka mirongo caribagiwe.

Muri ico gitabo, Blouin yasiguye ingene ubwira bwiwe bwo kurwanya ubukoroni bwamuviriyemwo akaga ku buzima bwiwe bwite.

Yakuriye hagati ya Centrafrique na Congo-Brazzaville, vyari mu bukoroni bw'Ubufaransa bizwi ica mbere nka Ubangi-Shari, ica kabiri naco nka Congo y'Ubufaransa.

Mu myaka ya 1940, umuhungu wiwe w'imyaka ine, René, yarajanywe mu bitaro arwaye malaria muri Centrafrique.

René yari afise ubwoko buvanze nka nyina wiwe, hanyuma kubera yari afise amaraso y'abanya-Afrika ku rugero rw'ica kane, aca arankirwa kuvurwa. Haheze iminsi, René yarapfuye.

''Urupfu rw'umuhungu wanje rwampinduye umunyaporitike, nta n'ikindi cari kumpindura gutyo,'' niko Blouin yanditse muri ico gitabo c'ubuzima bwiwe.

Yongeyeko ko ubukoroni ''butari bukiri ikibazo kindaba ubwanje bwite, bwari ingendo y'ikibi cashikana amashami mu gace kose k'ubuzima bw'Abanyafrika''.

Blouin yavutse mu 1921, ku mugabo w'Umufaransa w'imyaka 40 n'umugore w'umwirabure wo muri Centrafrique yari afise imyaka 14.

Abo babiri bahuye igihe se wa Blouin yaca mu kigwati iwabo na nyina ariko aragurisha ibidandazwa.

''Gushika n'uno munsi, inkuru ya data na mama, n'aho imbabaza cane, iracantangaza,'' niko Blouin yavuze.

Afise imyaka itatu gusa, se wa Blouin yaciye amushira mu kigo c'abana b'abakobwa b'amaraso avanze, ikigo catwarwa n'ababikira b'Abafaransa muri Congo-Brazzaville ihana urubibe na Centrafrique.

Ivyo vyarakorwa cane mu bihugu vy'ubukoroni bw'Ubufaransa n'Ububirigi - aho bivugwa ko abana ibihumbi bavutse ku bakoroni n'abagore b'Abanyafrika barungitswe mu marerero y'impfuvyi, baratandukanywa n'amavukiro yabo.

Blouin yanditse ati: ''Iryo rerero ry'impfuvyi ryakora nk'isaho y'umucafu (iyarara) yo gutamwo umucafu w'ubwirabure buvanze n'ubuzungu: abana b'amaraso avanze (abadimudimu) batagira ikibanza na hamwe.''

Ubuzima bwa Blouin muri iryo rerero bwari bubi - yanditse ko abo bana muri ico kigo bakubitwa, ntibagaburirwe bikwiye kandi bakabwirwa amajambo mabi.

Ariko yari afise umutima ugumye - yaratorotse iryo rerero afise imyaka 15 igihe ababibikira bashaka kumuhatira kurongorwa.

Blouin amaherezo yahavuye arongorwa we nyene abishatse, kabiri. Umuhungu wiwe René amaze gupfa, we n'umugabo wiwe wa kabiri baciye bimukira muri Guinée, igihugu co muri Afrika y'uburengero na conyene cari gitwawe bukoroni n'Ubufaransa.

Igo gihe, Guinée yari mu ''gihuhusi ca poritike'', nk'uko yandika. Ubufaransa bwari bwemereye ico gihugu intahe yo kwikukira, ariko kandi basaba abanya-Guinée gutora muri kamarampaka kwemera canke guhakana ko igihugu cari kugumana ubucuti n'Ubufaransa mu butunzi, mu migenderanire no mu gisirikare.

Ishami rya Guinée ry'umuhari w'abanya-Afrika Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (RDA) ryashaka ko abantu batora ''Oya'', rivuga ko igihugu cari gikeneye kwibohora vyuzuye. Mu 1958, Blouin yaciye aja muri iryo sekeza, agendera igihugu cose ashikiriza ijambo mu makoraniro.

Haheze umwaka, Guinée yaciye ironka intahe yo kwikukira itoye ''Oya'' hanyuma Sékou Touré, umuyobozi wa RDA muri Guinée, aca aba umukuru w'igihugu wa mbere waco.

Aho, Blouin yari yamaze kwunga imigenderanire ikomeye n'abo mu mihari ya Afrika y'inyuma y'ubukoroni. Yanditse ko Guinée imaze kwikukira, yakoresheje ivyo yari yabonye mu guhanura umukuru mushasha wa Centrafrique, Barthélemy Boganda, amugondoza guheba umushamirano mu migenderanire n'umukuru wa Congo-Brazzaville inyuma yo kwikukira, Fulbert Youlou.

Ariko kuba umujenama si vyo vyonyene Blouin yari ashoboye muri iyo Afrika yariko irahinduka vuba.

Mu nzu y'uburiro (restaurant) ku murwa mukuru wa Guinée, Konakry, yahuye n'umugwi w'abaharanira ukwibohora bava mu cahavuye kiba Repuburika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (RD Congo). Bamusavye guhimiriza abagore bo muri Congo mu rugamba rwo kurwanya intwaro ya gikoroni y'Ububirigi.

Blouin yari ahanzwe mu nzira zibiri. Ku ruhande rumwe, yari afise abana bato batatu - barimwo Eve - yategerezwa kurera. Ku rundi ruhande, ''yumva atohengeshanya mu kurwana urugamba rw'umuntu yari afise ishavu ry'ingene ibintu vyari vyifashe'', niko Eve, ubu afise imyaka 67, yabwiye BBC.

Mu 1960, atewe intege na Nkrumah, Andrée Blouin yafashe indege wenyene agenda muri Congo. Aho yari agiye gufatanya n'abagabo baharanira impinduka nka Pierre Mulele na Antoine Gizenga, mw'isekeza barimwo muri ico gihugu kingana na miriyoni 2,4 za kirometero kwadarato (2.400.000 km2). Yari umuntu aboneka cane aho aciye muri ayo mashamba kubera umushatsi wiwe usokoje neza, ikanzu zimuruma neza, zibonerana buke buke kandi zimubereye cane.

I Kahemba, hafi y'urubibe na Angola, Blouin n'abo bari kumwe barahagaritse isekeza ryabo kugira babanze bafashe kwubaka ikambi ry'abagwanyi b'Abanya-Angola bagwanira intahe yo kwikukira bari bahunze ubutegetsi gikoroni bwa Portugal.

Yashikirije ijambo isinzi ry'abagore hirya no hino mu gihugu, abatera intege ngo bagwanire ukungana kw'abagabo n'abagore hamwe n'ukwikukira kwa Congo. Yari afise kandi ingabirano yo gutunganya ibintu n'imikenyuro.

Bidatevye, ubutegetsi bw'abakoroni n'ibinyamakuru mpuzamakungu baramenye amakuru y'ibikorwa vya Blouin. Bamwagirije, mu bindi vyinshi, kuba umuhabara wa Nkrumah, maneko wa Sékou Touré n'''uwikundwakaza ku bakuru b'ibihugu bose ba Afrika''.

Yararushirije kuvugwa igihe yahura na Lumumba.

Mu gitabo ciwe, Blouin avuga Lumumba nk'umugabo mutomuto anonotse kandi agendera ishaza, izina ryiwe ryanditswe mu ndome z'inzahabu mu bicu vya Congo''.

Igihe igihugu cashikira intahe yo kwikukira mu 1960, Lumumba ni we yabaye umushikiranganji wa mbere, wa mbere w'ico gihugu. Yari afise imyaka 34.

Lumumba yaciye atora Blouin ngo abe ''umugendanyi wiwe'' n'umwanditsi w'amajambo yiwe. Barakoranye vya hafi cane gushika aho ibimenyeshamakuru bibita ''Lumum-Blouin''.

Time Magazine, ikinyamakuru co muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, canditse ko Blouin ari ''umugore mwiza w'imyaka 41'' afise ''ubukomezi nk'ubw'icuma n'ingoga zihuta zituma aba umufasha nta ngere muri poritike''.

Ariko reta nshasha ya Lumum-Blouin ntiyatevye kugira ivyago, ata n'iminsi iheze batanguye amabanga.

Ubwa mbere, igisirikare caragararije abategetsi baco b'Ababirigi, bivamwo intureka mu gihugu cose. Hanyuma Ububirigi, Ubwongereza na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bashigikira ukwiyonkora kwa Katanga, intara y'ubutare bwinshi ivyo bihugu vyose vyari bifisemwo inyungu zikomeye. Abapara b'Ababirigi baciye bagaruka mu gihugu, vyitwa ko baje kugarukana umutekano.

Blouin avuga ko ivyo bihe vyari nk'''intambara yo kuruhisha imitwe'', aho abahemu ''bari hose''.

Yanditse ko Lumumba yari ''intwari y'ukuri y'ibihe vya none'', ariko yaremeye kandi ko yibaza ko adashoka abona/atahura ibintu vuba, rimwe na rimwe, akoroha birengeje.

''Ni vyo ko akenshi abafise umutima mwiza kurusha abandi ari bo akenshi bahemukirwa kurusha abandi,'' niko yavuze.

Mu mezi atarenga indwi Lumumba atanguye amabanga, umukuru w'ingabo Joseph Mobutu yaciye afata ubutegetsi.

Ku wa 17 Nzero (ukwezi kwa mbere) Lumumba yaragandaguwe arashwe n'umugwi utumwa kunyonga abantu, bishigikiwe n'Ububirigi naho butigeze bubivugira hejuru. Birashoboka ko Ubwongereza bwari bubifisemwo uruhara, mu gihe Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zo muri kahise zari zimaze gutegura imigambi yo kwica Lumumba - ku bwoba ko yiyumvamwo Reta z'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviet (URSS) mu gihe c'intambara yo kurabana ay'ingwe (Guerre Froide/Cold War).

Mu gitabo ciwe, Blouin avuga ko urupfu rwa Lumumba rwamushegeshe gushika aho asigara atagira ico avuga.

''Nta na rimwe gushika aho nari bwigere mbura isegenya y'ibintu vyo kuvuga,'' niko yanditse.

Ico gihe Lumumba yicwa, Blouin yaba i Paris, kuko Mobutu amaze gufata ubutegetsi yaciye ahatirwa guhunga.

Kugira Blouin ntavugishe ibinyamakuru mpuzamakungu, abategetsi baciye batuma umuryango wiwe - wari wimukiye muri Congo - uba mu gihugu nk'''imbohe''.

Gutandukana vyaravunye cane Blouin, yari asanzwe, nk'uko Eve yandika, ari umuntu ''akingira cane [umuryango wiwe]" kandi ''w'ubuvyeyi bwinshi''.

Ariko ariyumvira uko nyina yari ateye, Eve yongerako ati: ''Ntiworondeye guhangana na we, kuko n'ubwo yari afise umutima wagutse kandi mwiza cane, hari igihe utamenya ivyiwe ingene bihinduka.''

Igihe Blouin yari mu buhungiro, abasirikare barasahuye urugo rw'umuryango wiwe hanyuma barakubita nyina n'inkoho, bimuviramwo kumugara umugongo burundu.

Umuryango wiwe warahavuye uramusanga iyo ari inyuma y'amezi menshi batandukanye.

Baramaze akanya muri Algeria - aho bahawe aho baba n'umukuru wa mbere w'ico gihugu ari nawe yari yagishikanye ku ntahe yo kwikukira, Ahmed Ben Bella.

Mu nyuma baciye baja kuba i Paris, Blouin aca aguma akurikirana ivy'impinduka muri Afrika ariko ari kure, abicisha mu ''nyandiko [mu binyamakuru] no mu nama hafi za buri munsi,'' nk'uko Eve avyandika mw'ijambo ryo gusozera igitabo ku buzima bwiwe.

Igihe Blouin yatangura kwandika igitabo c'ubuzima bwiwe mu myaka ya 1970, yari agifise icubahiro cinshi ku mihari yagwanira ukwikukira yari yahebeye ubuzima bwiwe.

Yarashimagiza cane Sékou Touré, ico gihe yari amaze gushinga intwaro y'umugambwe umwe yongera acinyiza ata mpuhwe uburenganzira bwo gushikiriza ivyiyumviro mu mwidegemvyo.

Ariko Blouin uko iminsi yahera ni ko yagenda aracibwa intege n'uko Afrika ''itaronse umwidegemvyo'' nk'uko yari avyiteze.

''Si [abantu] bo hanze bononye Afrika kurusha abandi, ahubwo ni agatima k'uburyarya bw'abantu n'agatima ko kwirabishako vyose ka bamwe mu ndongozi zacu bwite,'' nk'uko yanditse.

Yarababajwe n'urupfu rw'indoto ziwe, cane gushika naho yanka gufata imiti ya kanseri yariko iramunga umubiri wiwe.

''Vyari biteye ubwoba kuraba. Nta na kimwe nari nshoboye gukora,'' niko Eve yanditse.

Blouin yahavuye apfira i Paris ku wa 9 Ndamukiza (4) mu 1986, afise imyaka 65. Ku bwa Eve, urupfu rwa nyina wiwe ''nta co rwabwiye amakungu namba''.

Ariko n'ubu aguma ari icitegererezo mu bice bimwe bimwe. Ku murwa mukuru wa Congo, Kinshasa, ikigo ndangakaranga citiriwe Blouin kiratanga ivyigwa, kikaremesha ibiganiro, kikerekana ama sinema - vyose bishingiye ku gatima ko guharanira impinduka muri Afrika.

Biciye mu gitabo My Country, Africa, inkuru y'igitangaza ya Blouin yasohotse ubugira kabiri, ubu ikaba isohokeye mw'isi igaragaza kwitaho kurusha intererano z'abagore muri kahise.

Abasomyi bashasha bazomenya ivy'uwo mukobwa kuva ku gushiburwa nk'akanuka n'intwaro ya gikoroni, gushika ku kurwanira umwidegemvyo w'amamiriyoni y'Abanya-Afrika.

My Country, Africa: Autobiography of the Black Pasionaria, casohowe na Verso Books, catanguye kugurishwa ku wa 7 Nzero (1) mu Bwongereza